A cataract is a cloudiness or discoloration that develops in the lens of the eye.

It can occur in one or both eyes, but does not spread from one to the other. It is usually associated with aging, so that nearly everyone over 75 years old has at least one. Most cataracts occur as a result of protein changes in the lens as people grow older, but exposure to sunlight, diabetes, smoking, and alcohol use also contribute.

Cataracts are not usually removed until they grow large enough to interfere with vision; not all of them get to that point. Cataract surgery is one of the most common operation in the US. Usually an artificial replacement lens, called an intraocular lens, is inserted.

These are two common techniques for cataract removal:

Extracapsular - The lens is surgically removed in one piece after cutting the cornea.

• Traditional method   
• Usually for more advanced cataracts  
• Recovery is slower and there is greater discomfort, in most cases

Phacoemulsification – After a smaller incision to cornea, a vibrating probe is inserted to break up the cataract.  

• Suction removes the remaining particles                                              
• Can be performed in less than 15 minutes

Protective eyewear is required directly after surgery, and there is usually irritation, swelling, and pain, sometimes bleeding and for a few days. Eyedrops are often prescribed for these problems. Vision loss, nausea, and excessive pain should be reported to the eye surgeon immediately, in case of complications. Vision can be blurry for the first several days, but under normal circumstances, everyday activities can be resumed after that.